Introduction Endurance exercise imposes significant physiological stress on the human body, particularly affecting fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Electrolytes—primarily sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium—are critical for maintaining cellular function, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and overall fluid balance. The management of electrolyte balance during prolonged endurance activities such as marathons, triathlons, and ultra-endurance events has been a…