Introduction Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. The pathophysiology of IBS is multifactorial, involving gut-brain interactions, dysbiosis, and altered gut motility. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts, have gained…
Tag: Gut Microbiota
Comparative Analysis of Berberine and Metformin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Introduction Berberine and metformin are two pharmacological agents widely used in the management of metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Both compounds have demonstrated significant effects on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, yet they differ in their pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. This article aims to…